Neonatal Disorders

Abstract

The neonatal period, encompassing the first 28 days of a newborn’s life, is a critical and vulnerable phase. During this time, infants are highly susceptible to a wide range of diseases and disorders that can significantly impact their health and development. Neonatal diseases are still the leading public health problems in low-resource settings, e.g., serious infections neonatal encephalopathy, and neonatal preterm birth complications. In sub-Saharan Africa, neonatal sepsis caused an estimated 5.3–8.7 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and an economic burden of over 469 billion US dollars in 2014. However, the considerable disequilibrium of neonatal disorders was found across regions and countries, deeply dependent on the local demographics and socioeconomic status. Neonatal care has significant impact in the prevention and management of neonatal diseases worldwide. This review aims to provide an overview of common neonatal disorders, highlighting their cause/risk factors, diagnosis, prevention and available treatment options.   The review also highlights the role of the health care providers and parents in prevention, early detection, diagnoses of these disorders, and prompt management for a better health outcome for the neonates. The review delves into the most prevalent and life-threatening conditions faced by neonates, including infections, respiratory distress syndrome, congenital anomalies, neurological disorders, and metabolic disorders. By emphasizing the importance of early detection and multidisciplinary collaboration, this review aims to contribute to improved neonatal care and enhanced overall neonatal health.