Awareness, attitudes, and practices of abattoir workers towards bovine tuberculosis in Isoko north local government area of Delta State, Nigeria

Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis, posing significant public health risks, especially to individuals working in abattoirs due to their direct exposure to infected cattle and carcasses. Despite its relevance, limited research has been conducted on the knowledge and preventive practices of abattoir workers regarding bTB in Nigeria. This study assesses the awareness, attitudes, and practices of abattoir workers towards bovine tuberculosis in Isoko North Local Government Area of Delta State. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among abattoir workers, including butchers, meat handlers, and transporters. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, which assessed participants' knowledge of bTB, modes of transmission, and adherence to preventive measures. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to determine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge or practices related to bTB. Findings revealed that while most respondents (over 80%) had heard of tuberculosis, only a minority (less than 40%) were aware of its zoonotic nature. High-risk practices, such as handling raw meat without protective gear (67%) and consuming undercooked meat (52%), were prevalent. Proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and hygiene measures was limited due to inadequate awareness and lack of regulatory enforcement. Education level and work experience were significantly associated with better knowledge and adherence to preventive measures (p < 0.05). The study highlights a gap in knowledge and preventive practices among abattoir workers, increasing their risk of occupational exposure to bTB. To mitigate these risks, targeted educational programs, regular training, and enforcement of hygiene regulations should be implemented. A One Health approach, involving veterinary, health, and regulatory authorities, is essential for effective control and prevention of bovine tuberculosis in the study area.