Study Habits, Time Management, and Academic Performance of First-Year Medical Students in Selected State Universities in Delta State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of study habits and time management on the academic performance of first-year medical students in state-owned universities. Specifically, it aimed to determine the effects of study habits, examine the influence of time management practices, assess their joint impact, and identify the extent to which effective learning behaviours predict academic outcomes. A descriptive correlational design was employed, and data were collected from 300 first-year medical students using standardized questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that study habits significantly predicted academic performance (β = 0.34, p < 0.001), as did time management practices (β = 0.38, p < 0.001). Together, these variables explained 38% of the variance in academic performance, demonstrating a substantial joint effect. Positive correlations between study habits, time management, and academic outcomes highlight the critical role of structured learning routines and effective time allocation in enhancing student performance. The study concludes that first-year medical students’ academic success is strongly influenced by their ability to manage time efficiently and engage in effective study behaviours. It recommends the integration of study skills and time management training into first-year curricula, mentorship and counselling support, and institutional policies that foster structured learning environments and continuous academic monitoring. This research contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the application of Self-Regulated Learning Theory and Time Management Theory in a medical education context within emerging economies. The findings offer practical insights for educators, curriculum planners, and policymakers seeking to improve early medical student academic outcomes.