Direct Research Journal of Social Science and Educational Studies
Direct Research Journal of Social Science and Educational Studies (DRJSSES) (ISSN: 2449-0806) is an international peer-reviewed and open-access journal that is now accepting manuscripts for publication. Manuscripts will be published immediately as the final galley proof if approved by the journal Editor. The journal is being published by Direct Research Journals Publisher via our website, www.directresearchpublisher.org. ARTICLE PROCESSING COST = 655USD FOR AUTHOR OTHER COUNTRIES OR 75000 NAIRA FOR NIGERIA. AUTHORS CAN APPLY FOR PARTIAL WAIVER TO THE JOURNAL EDITORIAL AT editorialoffice@directresearchpublisher.org Manuscripts should be submitted online to the Editorial Office at https://journals.directresearchpublisher.org/index.php/drjsses/about/submissions or by email to editor@directresearchpublisher.org
Artificial Intelligence in Sri Lanka’s Legal System: Adoption Barriers and Policy Pathways
Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping legal systems worldwide by improving legal research, document review, and case forecasting. In Sri Lanka, where Roman-Dutch law, English common law, and customary law coexist, the legal profession continues to face structural challenges, including heavy case backlogs, limited access to justice, and uneven technological capacity. This study provides the first large-scale, Sri Lanka-focused empirical investigation of AI adoption among legal practitioners, applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Resource-Based View (RBV), and Task-Technology Fit (TTF) framework to a hybrid developing-country legal context. Using a cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 1,500 legal practitioners between September 2024 and February 2025. The study applied quantitative methods (chi-square tests and correlation analysis) alongside qualitative thematic coding. The findings show moderate AI awareness (63.6%) but relatively low adoption (36.3%). AI usage was significantly higher among urban and corporate lawyers (72%) compared with rural and criminal law practitioners (28%). The main barriers to adoption were inadequate infrastructure (45%) and resistance to change (32%). The study identifies practical policy pathways, including infrastructure subsidies, professional training, and regulatory frameworks, to reduce the urban-rural adoption gap and support ethical AI integration. By situating Sri Lanka within the wider debate on legal digital transformation, the findings offer useful insights for other developing legal systems facing similar institutional and technological constraints.
Artificial Intelligence, Legal Practice, Sri Lanka, Legal Technology, Digital Transformation, Ethical Frameworks
Copyright (c) 2026 Direct Research Journal of Social Science and Educational Studies
Forced Migration and the Nigeria Experience: Navigating Crisis and Resilience
Forced migration has emerged as one of the most pressing humanitarian and development challenges confronting Nigeria in the twenty-first century. This study critically examines the historical evolution, drivers, impacts, and response mechanisms associated with forced migration in Nigeria, with particular emphasis on conflict-induced displacement, environmental degradation, and socioeconomic instability. The study adopts a systematic literature review methodology guided by the PRISMA framework to synthesize multidisciplinary evidence from peer-reviewed journals, institutional reports, policy documents, and international development publications. A total of 120 records were identified through database searches, of which 45 studies met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. The findings reveal that forced migration in Nigeria is driven by interconnected structural and proximate factors, including armed conflicts, ethno-religious violence, climate change, desertification, oil-related environmental degradation, poverty, governance failures, and economic instability. The Boko Haram insurgency in the North-East, farmer-herder conflicts in the Middle Belt, and ecological destruction in the Niger Delta were identified as major displacement triggers, collectively contributing to millions of internally displaced persons across the country. The study further demonstrates that forced migration generates multidimensional consequences, including livelihood loss, food insecurity, social disintegration, educational disruption, health crises, and severe psychological trauma among displaced populations. The review also highlights the limitations of existing institutional and policy responses, including weak implementation frameworks, inadequate coordination among stakeholders, funding constraints, and insufficient inclusion of displaced populations in decision-making processes. Despite these challenges, community-based resilience mechanisms, civil society interventions, informal support systems, and international humanitarian efforts have contributed significantly to coping, adaptation, and recovery among affected populations. The study concludes that forced migration in Nigeria is not merely a humanitarian issue but a multidimensional governance and development challenge deeply rooted in historical inequalities, environmental vulnerabilities, and institutional fragility. It recommends the adoption of integrated policy frameworks that combine conflict prevention, climate adaptation, socioeconomic development, humanitarian protection, and community-centered resilience strategies. The study contributes to migration scholarship by providing a comprehensive and interdisciplinary understanding of forced migration dynamics in Nigeria while offering policy-relevant insights for sustainable displacement management and national development.
Learning Styles and Academic Performance among College of Education Students in North Central, Nigeria: A Correlational Study
This study investigated the impact of learning styles on the academic performance of National Certificate in Education (NCE) students in Colleges of Education across North Central Nigeria. A descriptive correlational design was employed with data collected from a stratified random sample of 200 students using a structured VARK-based questionnaire and CGPA records. Findings revealed that the dominant preferences were multimodal (65%) and kinesthetic (20%). Pearson’s correlation and ANOVA analyses established a statistically significant relationship between learning styles and performance. Specifically, kinesthetic (r=0.42, p<0.01) and read/write (r=0.38, p<0.01) learners achieved significantly higher mean GPAs (3.42 and 3.35, respectively) than auditory (2.85) and visual (2.91) learners. The results indicate a systemic pedagogical mismatch, where the curriculum and text-heavy assessments favor kinesthetic and read/write modalities, disadvantaging auditory and visual learners. The study concludes that integrating multimodal teaching strategies is crucial for equitable academic outcomes. Recommendations include lecturer training in differentiated instruction and institutionalizing learning style awareness in teacher education programmes.
Learning Styles, Academic Performance, VARK Model, Teacher Education, Pedagogical Mismatch
Indigenous Historiography and Clan Authority in Izzi (Izhi) Abakaliki, Nigeria: An Analytic Auto ethnographic Study
Memory remains a central medium through which many African communities construct and transmit history, not as a static record of the past but as a living practice that shapes identity, regulates belonging, and authorizes claims about land, kinship, and moral order. In Izzi communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria, history emerges through the interaction of memory, clan authority, and oral performance. This article examines how memory becomes history in Izzi social life, how clan institutions authorize and contest historical narratives, how insider positionality shapes interpretation and ethical responsibility, and how contemporary pressures such as schooling, migration, Christianity, and digital circulation reshape transmission. Methodologically, the study integrates analytic auto ethnography with oral history interviews, conversational elicitation, and observation in funerals, meetings, naming rights, and dispute contexts. Fieldwork was conducted in Ebonyi State across study centres in Abakaliki LGA, Ebonyi LGA, and Izzi LGA over 30 days, scheduled three days per week, and engaged 80 participants (50 male and 30 female) aged 50 to 90 years. Findings show that historical credibility in Izzi contexts is produced relationally through who speaks, where speech occurs, which genres are permitted, and how correction is exercised. Genealogies and land narratives operate as instruments of social governance, while ritual speech and proverbs transmit moral history. The article argues that analytic auto ethnography, when paired with triangulation and ethical restraint, provides a rigorous approach for studying indigenous historical systems while clarifying how clan authority functions as an epistemic structure of history.
Impact of Organizational Frustration on Innovative Work Behavior among Lecturers of Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria
This study investigated the impact of organizational frustration on the innovative Work Behaviour (WB) of lecturers of tertiary institutions in Niger State. The study was guided by three (3) objectives and three (3) research questions. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The population for this study was 1977 made up of all the lecturers of tertiary institutions in Niger State. The sample size for the study was 322. Purposive random sampling technique was used to select three tertiary institutions from the three senatorial zones in Niger State. From each of the three senatorial zones, one tertiary institution was randomly selected for this study using simple random sampling technique. The instrument used was a researcher developed questionnaire titled ‘Impact of Organizational Frustration on Innovative Work Behaviour of Lecturers Questionnaire (IOFIWBLQ). Two experts from Educational Psychology and Special Education departments of Umaru Sanda Ahmadu College of Education, Minna respectively validated the instrument and a reliability coefficient of 0.89 was obtained. The questionnaire items were 15 in number generated based on the research questions which guided the study. The questionnaire items were assigned a four (4) point rating scale of Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD). The acceptance point for item was 2.50 and above, any mean score below 2.50 was considered not too influential and as negative. The data collected was analyzed using Mean and Standard Deviation. The study revealed that organizational frustration negatively affected innovative work behaviour of lecturers due to overwhelming workload, lack of resources and conflict between their role expectations, also, ineffective communication channel, excessive rules, regulations or procedures are some of the factors that contribute to organizational frustration which have far reaching impact on lecturers work behaviour. It therefore, recommended creating a supportive work environment that values professional growth for workers in tertiary institutions especially Niger state -owned tertiary institutions and increase funding for all tertiary institutions in Niger state to improve productivity and increase quality education.
Impacts of Language Proficiency on Economic Activities
Language proficiency plays a crucial role in economic activities, such as securing a good job and establishing a business network at both national and international levels. The objective of this study is to analyze the proficiency of languages like Nepali and English in economic opportunities such as better obs, establishing business networks, and access to higher education. The study employed quantitative data and utilized a descriptive research design. The perceptions of the respondents related to the proficiency of the dominant languages like Nepali and English, and its effects on economic activities was analyzed. A five-point Likert scale, Strongly Disagree (SD), Disagree (D), Neutral (N), Agree (A), and Strongly Agree (SA), was used to collect the perception of the respondents about the relationship between proficiency of the dominant languages and its ‘impacts on economic activities. Primary data were gathered from Kathmandu valley, the capital city of Nepal.100 respondents were randomly selected as respondents. Respondents' views are summarized in tables with percentages, mean values, and standard deviations. From the data analysis, it is found that the majority of respondents agreed that proficiency in dominant languages like Nepali and English influenced the economic activities, such as facilitating business networking, enabling national and international migration, and improving access to employment and higher education in Nepal. In the context of Nepal, proficiency in dominant languages enhances economic activities and helps to reduce poverty through improving access to education, fostering business connections, and supporting mobility. The government should design language policies by focusing on economic factors rather than only the cultural aspect. The implications of this study brings new insight into language issues in Nepal that will be useful to ensure economic prosperity through language proficiency.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Sustainable Development (SD): A Systematic Review of Opportunities and Risks across SDGS 8, 10, and 12
This study critically examines the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and sustainable development (SD) by exploring the extent to which sustainable development initiatives, especially SDGs 8, 10, and 12, remain “sustainable” in the context of the growing emergence of AI technologies. Specifically, the study identifies the various ways in which AI applications can contribute to promoting sustainable development initiatives, while also examining the potential risks through which AI may undermine the achievement of SD objectives. The study adopts a qualitative research approach based on a systematic review of recent scholarly literature on AI and SD. A total of 64 peer-reviewed articles were selected and analyzed for the study after screening and exclusion processes from the initial 136 identified database search. The screening process followed defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, including: i) relevance to AI and SD, ii) publications within the last ten years to ensure currency; iii) publications in peer-reviewed journals and reputable academic sources like WoS articles; and availability of full-text articles in English; thereby excluding sources that were duplicated, non-scholarly, or not directly related to research objectives. To ensure comprehensive coverage of relevant studies, structured keyword-based strategy was used such as, "artificial intelligence", "AI governance", "Digital inequality", "SDGs 8,10, and 12", "sustainable development", etc. Data sources also included relevant information gathered from books and credible Internet materials. The findings reveal that AI has significant potential to support sustainable development through provisions of powerful tools that can promote sustainable development. At the same time, the research equally reveals critical challenges associated with AI that could pose risks to sustainable development, including high energy consumption, environmental impacts of data centers, labor market disruptions caused by automation, digital inequalities between developed and developing countries, and ethical concerns related to algorithmic bias and governance. The study concludes that, the relationship between AI and SD is characterized by both opportunities and risks, only through responsible governance, ethical regulatory frameworks, and the development of environmentally sustainable AI infrastructure can AI truly support SD. Without these safeguards, the rapid growth of AI technologies may undermine the core principles of sustainability. Thus, the paper recommends: governments and technological companies should promote sustainable AI infrastructure; there should be international regulatory frameworks to ensure ethical and responsible deployment of AI technologies; inter alia.
Branding Elements and Gastronomic Identity in 3–5 Star Hotels in Greater Accra, Ghana
This study examines the impact of branding dimensions on gastronomic identity in 3-5-star hotels in Greater Accra, Ghana. While the application of local dishes as strategic branding tools in hotels is recognized as a potential growth avenue, there is a lack of empirical evidence about the systematic application of branding dimensions in hotel brands in developing countries. This study examines the joint impact of branding dimensions on gastronomic identity. A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted with 20 hotels, 20 hotel managers, 10 officials of the Ghana Tourism Authority, and 384 hotel guests (358 usable responses). Cochran's formula was used to determine the guest sample size at 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error. Multiple regression was used in the data analysis. The results showed that branding dimensions can predict gastronomic identity (R = 0.592; Adjusted R = 0.584; F = 92.13; p < 0.001). While sustainability (=1.421, p<0.001), uniqueness (=1.342, p<0.001), and authenticity (=0.848, p<0.001) had positive and significant effects, exotic appeal had a negative and significant effect (=0.707, p<0.001). This means that 90% of hotels have applied local indigenous signature dishes in their branding strategy. This study contributes to the hospitality and tourism literature by providing empirical findings from an African perspective and by investigating the relative significance of branding dimensions in defining gastronomic identity. This study will have practical implications for managers seeking to leverage indigenous cuisine as a powerful competitive branding tool.
Study of Socio-economic Status of Farmers Management Practices at Selected Dairy Farms
Current data indicated that the population of the cattle in Imo State, Nigeria drastically increased in few years and their contribution in the total milk production was remarkable. Generally, the small and marginal farmer who maintains bulk of the livestock in Imo State, Nigeria are the targeted group in this study. The sector also provided additional employment opportunities to the people in the rural areas especially to the female population who manage the livestock in the household, thereby empowering rural women with livestock in the household, proving as a source of economic empowerment. The present paper studied the type of farm ownership, existing animal pattern on the farm, percentage of animal on different categories on the farm, housing pattern, feeding pattern, breeding pattern, labour pattern, milking pattern, health care pattern and source of water available at the farm as a whole and to the farmer in individual, which plays a vital role in the production of milk and farm management. It was found that the socio-economic status indirectly influence the milk production of the dairy farms.
Socio-economic status, Management practices, Dairy herds, Feeding, Farm labour
The Influence of Digital Media Proliferation on Journalistic Practice and Professional Standards in Delta State
This study examined how digital media proliferation influences journalistic practice and professional standards in Delta State, Nigeria, using a mixed-methods approach and responses from 220 media practitioners. Findings show that 54.55% of journalists reported poor or very poor access to digital tools, while only 7.27% had excellent access. A significant 60% believed digital platforms negatively affected audience reach. Confidence in using digital tools was uneven, with 36.36% lacking confidence. Regression analysis revealed that 92.6% of the variance in journalistic opportunities was explained by challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, low digital literacy, and cybersecurity gaps. Increased competition from non-professionals showed a negative influence (β = −0.506, p < 0.001), while poor infrastructure had the highest positive coefficient (β = 1.010, p < 0.001). These results suggest that digital transformation in journalism is occurring under structural and professional constraints. The study implies that unless these constraints are addressed, digital media will continue to erode journalistic standards and audience trust. It is recommended that media organizations and policymakers invest in digital infrastructure, enhance journalist training in digital literacy and cybersecurity, and implement regulatory frameworks that support ethical digital journalism while mitigating the impact of unregulated content producers.
Digital media, Journalistic practice, Professional standards, Literacy, Delta State
Enhancing Project Performance through Risk Management Practices in Construction Companies in Delta State, Nigeria
This study examines the effect of risk management practices risk identification, risk assessment, and risk mitigation on project performance in construction companies in Delta State, Nigeria. Employing a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 240 respondents selected through stratified random sampling to ensure proportional representation of project managers, site engineers, quantity surveyors, and risk officers. Out of the distributed questionnaires, 220 were valid, yielding a 91.7% response rate. Reliability testing confirmed strong internal consistency across constructs (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.85–0.90). Descriptive statistics revealed high mean scores for risk identification (M = 4.12), risk assessment (M = 4.05), risk mitigation (M = 4.15), and project performance (M = 4.08), indicating widespread agreement on the importance of these practices. Correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive associations between risk management practices and project performance (r = 0.66–0.71, p < 0.01). Regression analysis further established that risk identification (β = 0.348, p < 0.001), risk assessment (β = 0.301, p < 0.001), and risk mitigation (β = 0.362, p < 0.001) significantly predict project performance, with risk mitigation exerting the strongest effect. The model explained 63.7% of the variance in project performance (R² = 0.637), underscoring the predictive strength of these practices. The originality of this study lies in its empirical demonstration of the combined and individual effects of risk management practices within the Nigerian construction sector, a context often underrepresented in global project management literature. By integrating statistical evidence with practical insights, the study provides a framework for embedding risk management into project execution, thereby enhancing cost efficiency, timely delivery, quality, and resilience. The findings contribute to both theory and practice by reinforcing the critical role of proactive risk management in sustaining project success and offering actionable recommendations for construction firms to strengthen early identification, adopt robust assessment techniques, and prioritize mitigation strategies.
Lecturers’ Self-Efficacy Dimensions as Predictors of Colleges of Education Effectiveness in Preparing Teachers for Inclusive Education in North-Central Nigeria
Inclusive education has become a global priority, placing increasing demands on teacher education institutions to produce graduates capable of addressing learner diversity. In Nigeria, Colleges of Education play a pivotal role in preparing teachers for inclusive basic education; however, concerns persist regarding their effectiveness in fulfilling this mandate. This study examined lecturers’ self-efficacy dimensions as predictors of the effectiveness of Colleges of Education in preparing teachers for inclusive education in North-Central Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted. The population comprised 2,347 lecturers from public Colleges of Education across six states and the Federal Capital Territory. Using stratified and simple random sampling techniques, a sample of 467 lecturers was selected. Data were collected using the Lecturers’ Self-Efficacy Indicators Questionnaire (α = .818) and the Colleges of Education Effectiveness Questionnaire (α = .890). Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were employed at the .05 level of significance. Findings revealed that lecturers’ self-efficacy and institutional effectiveness were both at moderate levels. Regression results indicated that instructional self-efficacy and decision-making efficacy jointly explained 83.2% of the variance in college effectiveness (R² = .832). Instructional self-efficacy emerged as a strong positive predictor, while decision-making efficacy showed a weak but statistically significant negative influence. The study concludes that enhancing lecturers’ instructional confidence through continuous professional development and supportive institutional structures is critical for improving the effectiveness of Colleges of Education in preparing teachers for inclusive education. Policy implications for participatory governance and quality assurance are discussed.
lecturers’ self-efficacy, instructional self-efficacy, decision-making, efficacy, inclusive education
Cultural Diplomacy: Harnessing Nollywood for Nigeria’s Global Influence
Cultural diplomacy has become an increasingly significant instrument in contemporary international relations, enabling states to project influence, shape global perceptions, and foster international cooperation through cultural attraction rather than coercive power. Within this context, Nigeria’s film industry popularly known as Nollywood has emerged as one of the most influential cultural industries in the Global South and a key contributor to Nigeria’s growing soft power presence. This study examines the role of Nollywood as a strategic instrument of cultural diplomacy in enhancing Nigeria’s global influence, improving its international image, and facilitating cross-cultural engagement. Drawing on multidisciplinary literature from international relations, media studies, cultural policy, and creative economy scholarship, the paper analyzes Nollywood’s historical evolution, industrial structure, global circulation, and economic significance within Nigeria’s creative sector. The study demonstrates that since its emergence in the early 1990s as a low-budget direct-to-video film movement, Nollywood has evolved into one of the world’s most prolific film industries, reaching audiences across Africa, Europe, North America, and the global African diaspora. Through its narratives, languages, and visual representations of Nigerian social realities, Nollywood serves as a powerful medium for communicating Nigerian culture, traditions, identities, and values to international audiences. In doing so, the industry contributes to the reframing and rebranding of Nigeria’s international image by offering alternative narratives that challenge persistent global stereotypes of corruption, insecurity, and instability. Beyond its cultural and symbolic influence, Nollywood also plays a significant role in Nigeria’s creative economy by generating employment, stimulating cultural entrepreneurship, and attracting international partnerships. However, structural challenges including piracy, inadequate infrastructure, limited financing, and fragmented policy coordination continue to constrain its diplomatic potential. The paper therefore recommends the development of a comprehensive national cultural diplomacy strategy that integrates Nollywood into Nigeria’s foreign policy framework, strengthens institutional collaboration, and promotes globally resonant storytelling. Such strategic alignment would enable Nollywood to function as a powerful platform for nation branding, economic diplomacy, and intercultural dialogue.
Cultural Diplomacy; Nollywood; Soft Power; Nation Branding; Nigeria’s Global Image; Creative Economy; Public Diplomacy; Film Industry; Cultural Exchange; Global Cultural Influence
Pre-service Teacher Preparedness for Standards-Based Curriculum Implementation in Ghana: Perspectives from Mentors and Teacher Trainees
Ghana has replaced the Objective-Based Curriculum with the Standards-Based Curriculum, which sets explicit standards for teachers’ application of knowledge into practice. In line with this, teacher training institutions have aligned their programs to these standards, but there is no systematic data on whether pre-service teachers are actually prepared to meet these standards, especially in Social Studies, which is a core subject geared towards citizenship education. This study therefore investigated the preparedness of pre-service Social Studies teachers in implementing the Standards-Based Social Studies Curriculum in Ghana (SBC). The study employed explanatory sequential mixed method design which used the outcomes of the qualitative data to clarify and explain the initial quantitative results. All the 206 final year pre-service teachers in the University of Cape Coast and University of Education, Winneba were included (census) in the study. However, 12 practising teachers who mentored these pre-service Social Studies teachers were purposively selected for in-depth interview (after data saturation). Both questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to collect data. Whilst means and standard deviation were used to analyse and present the quantitative data, thematic and narrative analyses were employed for the qualitative data analysis. All ethical issues outlined by the University of Cape Coast were adhered to in this study. The study revealed that while pre-service teachers were adequately prepared in both content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge, they had moderate level of knowledge in technological pedagogical content knowledge. They were also sceptical about their ability to translate their knowledge into practice in the real classroom situation. It was recommended that pre-service Social Studies teachers’ proficiency and competence in content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge should be developed through continuous professional development programs whilst transiting into the real classrooms. Finally, mentors should be assigned to each of these teachers after successful induction for effective guidance and coaching services. This paper contributes to SBC implementation in Ghana by highlighting that while content and pedagogy preparation is moderate, the technology integration gap poses the biggest threat to achieving the goals of the SBC. By policy implication, addressing this gap requires coordinated policy action in teacher education, and resource provision. The Ghana Tertiary Education Commission and teacher training institutions should audit pre-service programs to ensure intentional, practice-based training in educational technology, not just theoretical ICT-based literacy.
Analysis of Trends of Natural Rubber prices and overview in Nigeria, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, United States, and Europe
Natural Rubber (NR) is cultivated commercially in Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, China, Cambodia, Singapore etc), Europe, and Africa (Nigeria, Cote d’ Ivoire etc). Due to many factors, investigation has revealed significant imbalances in demand and supply, leading to significant variations in the prices of rubber products among major producing regions in the World. This study was undertaken to collect scarce information on prices of natural rubber and determine the trends in the prices of rubber from year 2001 till date. Secondary data were collected from reputable journals, internet, and reports of international rubber organizations including Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), US Consumer Price Index, Singapore Commodity Exchange (SCOM), International Rubber Study Group (IRSG), as well as literature, and sites related to the research. Primary data were collected from RRIN’s archives, records etc and supplemented the secondary data. Quantitative data were collected on the basis of information available in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Nigeria, USA, New York, London etc and spanned from 2001 to 2025. The basic data generated and the variables affecting prices of natural rubber across producing regions were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results revealed significant variations in prices of NR within and among the continents under investigation. It can therefore be concluded that price of rubber over the years was dwindled, and thus could discourage farmers from going into rubber farming. The authors therefore recommended that government provides market information and prices of rubber to farmers on a yearly basis. Provision of meteorological data to rubber farmers in the wake of climate change, together with strong leadership in rubber industries, is also recommended. All these will help smallholder farmers to plan ahead and address challenges like price volatility etc.
Study Habits, Time Management, and Academic Performance of First-Year Medical Students in Selected State Universities in Delta State, Nigeria
This study investigated the influence of study habits and time management on the academic performance of first-year medical students in state-owned universities. Specifically, it aimed to determine the effects of study habits, examine the influence of time management practices, assess their joint impact, and identify the extent to which effective learning behaviours predict academic outcomes. A descriptive correlational design was employed, and data were collected from 300 first-year medical students using standardized questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that study habits significantly predicted academic performance (β = 0.34, p < 0.001), as did time management practices (β = 0.38, p < 0.001). Together, these variables explained 38% of the variance in academic performance, demonstrating a substantial joint effect. Positive correlations between study habits, time management, and academic outcomes highlight the critical role of structured learning routines and effective time allocation in enhancing student performance. The study concludes that first-year medical students’ academic success is strongly influenced by their ability to manage time efficiently and engage in effective study behaviours. It recommends the integration of study skills and time management training into first-year curricula, mentorship and counselling support, and institutional policies that foster structured learning environments and continuous academic monitoring. This research contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the application of Self-Regulated Learning Theory and Time Management Theory in a medical education context within emerging economies. The findings offer practical insights for educators, curriculum planners, and policymakers seeking to improve early medical student academic outcomes.
Social Media Platforms for Library Outreach and Engagement in the Digital Age: A Study of Selected Technical Universities in Ghana
The increasing integration of social media into academic library services has transformed approaches to outreach and user engagement; however, empirical evidence from Ghana’s technical universities remains limited. This qualitative comparative study examined how libraries at Accra Technical University (ATU) and Ho Technical University (HTU) use social media to support outreach and engagement initiatives, guided by the Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) to understand user motivations and library strategies. Using purposive sampling, ten (10) professional and para-professional library staff (five from each institution) directly involved in managing social media platforms were selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) framework. The study addressed four objectives: to identify social media platforms in use, analyse the nature and frequency of content shared, assess management and interaction practices, and examine challenges affecting engagement. Findings revealed that Facebook (100% usage) and WhatsApp (90% usage) were the dominant platforms due to widespread student adoption and immediacy of communication. ATU employed a semi-formal management model with dedicated personnel and scheduled posting, resulting in more consistent branding and posting frequency (2–3 posts per week), while HTU’s rotational approach encouraged collaborative input but produced irregular posting (1–2 posts per week) and inconsistent messaging. Content primarily consisted of announcements, operational updates, and occasional academic tips, with limited interactive posts such as polls or quizzes. Engagement remained largely reactive, with staff responding to queries rather than proactively fostering community interaction. Key constraints included limited staff capacity, lack of formal social media policies, infrastructural limitations, and low organic engagement. The study contributes to emerging scholarship on digital library engagement in sub-Saharan Africa by providing comparative insights and practical recommendations. It suggests that technical university libraries can strengthen user interaction by developing formal policies, clarifying staff roles, providing targeted training, and adopting platform-specific engagement strategies that align with user needs and motivations.
Autoethnographic Reflections on Inclusive and Interfaith Pedagogy in Global Online Higher Education
This work offers autoethnographic reflections on inclusive and interfaith pedagogy in global online higher education. Drawing on analytical autoethnography, it reflects on the author’s experiences across University of the People (USA), Nations University (USA), Jesuit Worldwide Learning-Education at the Margins, and Monarch Business School (Switzerland) - institutions characterized by cultural, religious, and digital diversity. The study does not seek generalizable claims but situates pedagogical insight within lived practice, institutional contexts, and relational encounters in online classrooms. Methodologically, analytical autoethnography is used to link personal narrative with systematic analysis of pedagogical and institutional dynamics, enabling critical reflection on how inclusion and interfaith engagement are negotiated in digitally mediated learning environments. The analysis demonstrates that interfaith inclusion functions not simply as curricular content or institutional policy but as lived pedagogy, enacted through dialogical practices, course design, and ethical attentiveness to religious/faith difference. The article contributes to scholarship on global online higher education by showing how inclusive and interfaith pedagogy emerges through everyday experience. It offers grounded insights for educators and institutions seeking to cultivate equitable, inclusive, and religiously responsive online learning environments.
Online Learning; Analytical Autoethnography; Interfaith Pedagogy; Inclusive Education; Digital Pedagogy; Global Online Education
Comparative Effects of Indoor and Outdoor Play-Based Activities on Preschool Children’s Social-Emotional Development in Nigeria
This study investigated the comparative effects of indoor and outdoor play-based activities on preschool children’s social-emotional development in Nigeria. Four research questions and four corresponding hypotheses guided the study. A pre-test, post-test quasi-experimental design was employed with 96 preschool children selected from a target population of 12,600 private nursery school children in Ethiope East Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria. Participants were assigned to an indoor play-based activity group, an outdoor play-based activity group, and a control group. The intervention lasted eight weeks, with sessions conducted twice weekly for forty-five minutes. The Preschool Social-Emotional Development Observation Checklist, consisting of 18 items, was used to assess social-emotional development; while the face and content validity were established by three experts in early childhood education, and the instrument demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.874). Descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, ANOVA, and ANCOVA were used for data analysis. The analysis acknowledged significant baseline inequalities among the groups and used ANCOVA to statistically control for these differences. Findings revealed that, after controlling for pre-test inequalities, participants exposed to outdoor play-based activities demonstrated significant improvements in social-emotional development, while no significant changes were observed in the indoor play or control groups. The study recommends, amongst others, the integration of structured outdoor play-based activities in preschool curricula to enhance social-emotional development.
Indoor Play, Outdoor Play, Play-Based Activities, Preschool Children, Social-Emotional Development, Quasi-Experimental Design, Early Childhood Education, Nigeria
Competency Assessments of Agricultural Extension Workers in Edo State, South-South Nigeria
The persistent decline in the required competencies for the dissemination of improved agricultural technologies by agricultural extension workers gave rise for need of the study. This study was carried out to assess the extension workers’ competence in Edo State, Nigeria. This was achieved by addressing the socioeconomic characteristics of extension agents, job responsibilities of extension workers, level of competence of extension agents and factors affecting level of competence among extension agents in the study area. A two-stage sampling procedure was used for the sampling of 68 respondents. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire and were analyse using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, mean, percentage, standard deviation and Spearman correlation statistics. Results showed that a high proportion (57%) of extension agents was males and 50% of them were 41 – 50 years old. Majority (91.2%) of extension agents were responsible for raising farmers’ awareness level in problem situation, while 89.7% of extension agents were involved in arousing farmers’ interest in recognizing their problems. Results on access to training showed that majority (88.2%) of extension agents had various trainings to improve their competency level. Factors affecting competency development were inadequate funding (mean = 3.18), poor road network (mean = 3.09), poor exposure to training opportunities (mean = 2.94) and delay in supply of materials (mean = 2.75). Results also showed a significant relationship between educational qualification (r = 0.288; p = 0.017), years of experience (r = 0.550; p = 0.000), grade level (r = 0.461; p = 0.000) and competency needs of extension agents. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that extension agents were mostly involved in raising farmers’ awareness level in problem situation as their job responsibility. It was recommended that extension agents should be given regular and adequate training on improve and modern information and technologies dissemination strategies in order to enhance their level of competence for improved job performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Direct Research Journal of Social Science and Educational Studies
Evaluation of Factors Influencing Drug and Substance Abuse among Tertiary Institution Students in Nigeria
Around the globe, drug abuse is a notable public health menace. This study evaluates causative factors to abuse of drug and substance among 382 students of the Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, through administration of questionnaires. Descriptive statistics of the respondent were obtained and various causative factors of abuse of drugs among students were examined. Major factors considered in the study are respondents’ age group, parents’ abuse of drugs, and abuse of drugs among respondents’ friends. Chi-square analysis was employed to determine if there are significant relationships between each considered factor and the different types of drugs being abused. Findings reveal that there is significant relationship between each of the factors and drug types as all Chi-square (χ²) p-values give (0.000) at 5% level of significance. Finally, the study reveals that the most prevalent reason for abuse of drugs and substances among students is parental failure which takes 48.2% of the total response with overall Chi-square p-values (χ² = 0.000) at 5% level of significance.
Displaced Peoples and Creation’s Groaning: Toward a Biblical Ecotheological Ethic for Climate Migration
Forcible human displacement caused by climate change disproportionately affects vulnerable communities already burdened by poverty, conflict, and social instability (UNHCR, 2024). Ecological degradation, including soil erosion, water scarcity, and ecosystem loss, intensifies both human suffering and environmental decline (UNEP, n.d.). Despite growing Pentecostal and wider Christian engagement with ecological issues, theological and ethical responses to climate induced migration remain underdeveloped. This study develops a biblical ecotheological ethic for climate migration, emphasizing justice, ecological stewardship, and human dignity. The methodology combines theological analysis of Psalms 104, 148, and Romans 8:18–25 with systematic examination of UNHCR and UNEP data. Trends in climate displacement, environmental indicators, and humanitarian impacts were analyzed to identify patterns and inform ethical reflection. The research explores themes of lament, suffering, and hope to formulate specific ethical principles, including hospitality, care for creation, equitable resource distribution, and advocacy for displaced populations. The study has three objectives: to document climate displacement patterns, to analyze biblical and ecotheological sources for normative guidance, and to propose practical recommendations for policy makers, civil society, and faith communities. By situating human mobility and ecological vulnerability within the biblical narrative of creation’s groaning and divine concern, this study provides a framework for scholarly reflection and practical action. It equips leaders and communities to respond to climate displaced populations with justice, dignity, and ecological awareness while broadening Pentecostal engagement with environmental and social crises.
Climate migration, ecotheology, creation’s groaning, biblical ethics, Psalms, Romans 8, hospitality, environmental justice
Efficacy of Assertiveness Training, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Solution Focused Brief Therapy on Improving the Self-Esteem of Undergraduate Victims of Bullying
This study investigated the efficacy of Assertiveness Training, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Solution Focused Brief Therapy on improving the self-esteem of undergraduate victims of bullying. Two research questions were raised and two corresponding hypotheses formulated. The study adopted the pre-test, post-test, non-equivalent control group quasi-experiment 3x2x2 factorial design. The population of the study was 5,882 undergraduates in the Faculty of Education, University of Benin and a sample of 138 participants. The instruments for data collection were the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) developed by Olweus (1996) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) by Rosenberg (1965). In the present study, the OBVQ yielded a Cronbach's alpha of 0.862 while the RSES was 0.886. Data collected were analyzed using Analysis of Variance Statistics and the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The findings of the study showed that Assertiveness Training was significantly efficacious on improving the self-esteem of undergraduate victims of bullying; likewise, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. The effectiveness of the two treatments on self-esteem was found to be independent of the sex of the participants. Solution Focused Brief Therapy had no statistically significant effect on improving the self-esteem of undergraduate victims of bullying. Based on the results, it was recommended that Assertiveness Training and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy be adopted by University counsellors to help improve the self-esteem of undergraduate victims of bullying.
Assertiveness Training, Bullying, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Efficacy, Self-esteem, Solution Focused Brief Therapy, Efficacy
Who Supports the Supporters? Tackling Workforce Gaps in Early Childhood Education
Effective management of early childhood education (ECE) programs is crucial for ensuring high-quality learning experiences that foster cognitive, social, and emotional development. This paper adopts a narrative literature review approach, synthesizing evidence from peer-reviewed studies, policy reports, and best-practice frameworks to identify effective management strategies for early childhood education programs. This review explores key strategies in managing ECE programs, focusing on financial planning, staffing, curriculum development, parental engagement, health and safety, and technology integration. Financial sustainability requires diversified funding sources, budget transparency, and strategic cost management. Staffing challenges, including teacher retention and professional development, necessitate competitive compensation and ongoing training. A well-balanced curriculum that integrates play-based and inquiry-driven learning fosters holistic child development. Parental involvement and community partnerships enhance learning outcomes, while maintaining health and safety standards ensures a secure and inclusive environment. Thoughtful technology integration supports personalized learning but must be balanced with hands-on experiences. Future research should focus on sustainable workforce policies, innovative funding models, and digital learning advancements to further improve ECE program management.
Early childhood education, program management, financial sustainability, curriculum development, parental engagement, technology integration
Communication as an Antidote to Cultural and Religious Barriers in Family Planning in Delta State
This study systematically explored the use of communication as an antidote to cultural and religious barriers in family planning. It is identified that one of the most effective ways to harness the power of communication in this context is through collaboration with cultural and religious leaders to break barrier to family planning process. Based on primary data from a survey, the study is rationalized by the social cognitive theory (SCT). Spotlighted the communication strategies as catalyst for change and concluded that effective communication strategies can improve family planning, self-efficacy, and empower individuals, leading to improved reproductive health and gender equality. The population are 177 patient and healthcare workers at General Hospital, Abraka and General Hospital, Obiaruku A Likert scale questionnaire was the instrument of data collection and was administered randomly to those present at a clinic day. Findings shows that adoption of family planning faces strong barrier of culture and religion however, communication strategies can create a supportive environment where family planning is seen as a means of enhancing the well-being of families and communities. The study recommends that developing communication strategies involving religious leaders in faith-based communities to promote family planning, training community members in rural areas to advocate for it, and integrating family planning education into youth-focused communication platforms to shape attitudes and beliefs.
Communication; Antidote; Religious Barriers Family Planning and Misconceptions
Democratic Leadership and Organizational Productivity: A Study of Anambra State Broadcasting Service (2015 – 2019)
This study investigates the impact of democratic leadership on organizational productivity, with a specific focus on the Anambra State Broadcasting Service (ABS). Democratic leadership defined by participative decision-making, open communication, and employee inclusiveness has gained recognition for its potential to enhance workplace performance and morale. The research aimed to assess two key dimensions: the extent to which employee inclusiveness promotes organizational output, and the degree to which participative decision-making correlates with employee morale. A descriptive survey design was employed, using structured questionnaires administered to a stratified random sample of 234 ABS employees across six departments. The instruments were validated through expert review and trial-tested for reliability (Cronbach Alpha = 0.81). Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistical tools, including Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and regression analysis, with hypotheses tested at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed a strong positive correlation between employee inclusiveness and organizational output (r = 0.55, r² = 0.74, p < 0.05), and a moderate positive correlation between participative decision-making and employee morale (r = 0.47, r² = 0.53, p < 0.05). These results affirm that democratic leadership significantly enhances both productivity and morale at ABS. The study concludes that fostering a participatory leadership culture creates a conducive work environment that drives performance through shared responsibility and improved communication. Key recommendations include institutionalizing participatory leadership styles, investing in leadership training focused on communication, emotional intelligence, and conflict resolution, establishing departmental innovation hubs with incentives, and implementing transparent performance appraisal systems that encourage constructive feedback and mutual evaluation.
Democracy, effective leadership, organizational productivity, participatory decision-making
Technology Ease of Use and Adoption for Open and Distance Learning: Challenges from Rural Nigerian Communities
Perceived ease of use is a critical determinant of technology adoption and effective utilization, particularly in educational contexts. While previous studies have primarily linked ease of use to factors such as system design, training, and user support, the influence of technology availability, accessibility, individual differences, and geographic location has received comparatively little attention. This study examined the perceived availability, accessibility, and ease of use of technology among Open and Distance Learning (ODL) students residing in rural communities across Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 453 students through a structured questionnaire designed to measure their perceptions of technology-related variables. Descriptive statistics, including frequency distributions, means, and percentages, were employed for data analysis. The findings indicated that ODL technologies were generally perceived as available (mean = 3.31 > 3.0), accessible (mean = 3.12 > 3.0), and relatively easy to use (mean = 3.03 > 3.0). However, students reported several challenges that hindered effective technology utilization, such as erratic power supply, poor internet connectivity, high data costs, and financial constraints. These infrastructural, economic, and skills-related barriers were found to significantly limit both access to and effective use of ODL technologies. The study concludes that improving technology availability and usability requires targeted investment in digital infrastructure, affordable connectivity, and continuous digital literacy training. It further recommends that ODL platforms be designed with user-centered principles to promote inclusivity and ensure equitable access to higher education opportunities for learners in underserved rural communities.
Technology Accessibility, Availability, Adoption, Distance Learning, Rural communities, Nigeria
Role of Radio in Promoting Primary Health Care among Residents of Isoko North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria
This study explores the effectiveness of radio as a tool for promoting primary health care among rural populations in Delta State, Nigeria, with a focus on communities within Isoko North Local Government Area. Given the limited access to television and print media due to infrastructural and economic barriers, radio emerges as the most practical and far-reaching medium for health communication in these areas. Grounded in Agenda Setting Theory, the research investigates four key dimensions: awareness of radio health programs, frequency of exposure, influence on health knowledge, and the role of radio in addressing local health challenges. Using a multi-stage sampling method, five communities Owhelogbo, Ozoro, Otor-Owhe, Emevor, and Ellu were selected for the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 100 respondents and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results indicate that a majority of participants regularly engage with health-related radio content, which significantly enhances their awareness and adoption of healthy practices (β = 0.829). The findings affirm radio’s pivotal role in rural health advocacy and underscore the need for strategic partnerships between media outlets, government agencies, NGOs, and international health organizations such as WHO and UNICEF. Such collaborations can amplify the reach and impact of health initiatives. The study recommends further exploration into the integration of digital platforms to complement radio and extend health messaging to broader underserved populations.
Radio, Health Communication, Awareness, Rural Communities, Primary Health Care, Delta State
The Utilization of Development Communication Strategies in Conflict Resolution with Emphasis on Uvwie Local Government Area Delta State
This study examined the utilization of development communication strategies in conflict resolution, with particular emphasis on Uvwie Local Government Area (LGA) of Delta State, Nigeria. The research was guided by five objectives and corresponding research questions designed to identify the strategies employed, determine their level of utilization, assess their effectiveness, and examine both influencing factors and implementation challenges. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and data were collected from 400 respondents selected through purposive and stratified sampling techniques across ten communities within Uvwie LGA. The research instrument used was a 22-item structured questionnaire validated with a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.84. Descriptive statistics, including mean and percentage analyses, were used to interpret the data. Findings revealed that development communication strategies such as print, broadcast, and social media are widely employed in promoting peace and resolving conflicts, with mean scores of 4.29, 3.79, and 4.32 respectively, surpassing the decision benchmark of 3.05. However, oral and press-based communication channels recorded low utilization (mean scores of 2.35 and 2.30). The study further established that exposure to development communication messages was moderate (grand mean = 3.49), while their effectiveness in conflict resolution was rated high (mean = 4.44). Major factors influencing utilization included the need to resolve conflicts and influence people’s behavior (means = 3.59 and 3.94), whereas key challenges identified were high illiteracy levels (mean = 4.12), poor power supply (mean = 3.11), and inadequate financing (mean = 4.22). The study concludes that although development communication strategies play a vital role in promoting peace and resolving crises in Uvwie LGA, their application remains below optimal levels. It recommends enhanced governmental and institutional support—particularly in funding, literacy improvement, and infrastructural development to strengthen the efficiency and sustainability of communication-based peacebuilding initiatives.
Development communication, conflict resolution, peacebuilding, Uvwie Local Government Area, Delta State