Epidemiological and Haematological Impacts of Malaria among Pregnant Women Attending Dutse General Hospital, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Malaria persists in Jigawa State, Nigeria, disproportionately affecting pregnant women. Despite control efforts, malaria leads to severe health consequences. The hematological impacts on pregnant women are poorly understood, hindering effective interventions. This study investigates the epidemiological and hematological impacts of malaria among pregnant women in Dutse, Jigawa State, to inform context-specific interventions. This cross-sectional study assessed the epidemiological and hematological impacts of malaria among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Dutse General Hospital. A sample size of 50 pregnant women was enrolled based on voluntary consent. Blood samples were collected and examined microscopically for malaria parasites. A structured questionnaire gathered data on demographic information and malaria risk factors. Data was analyzed using Chi-square and ANOVA tests, with statistical significance set at p<0.05, to explore relationships between malaria prevalence and demographic, environmental, and hematological factors. The study revealed a malaria prevalence of 24% among the population. While no significant associations were found between malaria prevalence and age, marital status, or educational status, women in their third trimester had a higher malaria prevalence of 30%. Environmental factors like poor drainage and water storage contributed to higher malaria rates, and malaria-positive individuals exhibited significantly lower RBC, HGB, and HCT levels, indicating anemia. This study underscores the complex interplay of factors influencing malaria prevalence among pregnant women. Hematological monitoring and comprehensive case management are crucial. Targeted interventions, health education, and addressing environmental factors can reduce malaria transmission, improving health outcomes and informing effective malaria control strategies.