Evaluation of Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Properties of Delonix regia, Jatropha curcas and Hura crepitans Oil Extracts

Abstract

The escalating global demand for vegetable oils, propelled by their extensive utilization in both culinary and industrial sectors, necessitates the exploration of sustainable and locally available alternatives. This study evaluates the feasibility of oil extracts from under-utilized plant seeds native to the Niger Delta region, specifically Delonix regia, Jatropha curcas, and Hura crepitans. The oil content of the seeds was found to be 8.4%, 54.6%, and 66.4%, respectively. Key physicochemical properties, including density (0.86–0.89 g/cm³), viscosity (11.8–30.04 mPa•s), and saponification value (117.81–277.85 mg KOH/g), were assessed. The findings indicate that the oil properties of these seed extracts are largely comparable to those of Cocos nucifera oil, meeting several standards for biofuel production and oleochemical applications. This study highlights the potential of under-utilized Niger Delta plant oils as sustainable alternatives to conventional vegetable oils, contributing to the diversification of renewable resources for industrial and energy purposes.