Nwoke and Harrison, (2025). ASSESSMENT OF SOME ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS (PHENOLS AND PARABENS) IN SELECTED COSMETICS IN PORT HARCOURT MARKET

Abstract

Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as phenols and parabens are widely incorporated into cosmetics, yet their occurrence in products sold in Nigerian markets remains poorly documented. This study assessed the concentrations of these contaminants in three commonly used cosmetics (aloe vera gel cream, pure white body lotion, and papaya cream) purchased from market in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Samples were collected, homogenized, and subjected to solvent-based extraction followed by chromatographic determination. Results revealed substantial variation across product types: total phenols reached 1000 μg/kg in the same product, led by dichlorophenols and methylphenols; and total parabens peaked at 257 μg/kg in papaya cream, with propyl- and isopropyl-parabens as the main contributors. Pure White body lotion exhibited intermediate levels of all three classes with phenols 869 μg/kg and parabens 68 μg/kg. Although individual concentrations remained below current European Union and NAFDAC permissible limits. The co-occurrence of multiple EDCs in single products raises concern regarding potential additive or synergistic effects from daily dermal exposure. The findings confirm cosmetics as a modifiable source of EDC exposure in an urban Nigerian population and highlight product-specific contamination patterns influenced by formulation and intended function. The study provides data for these compounds in locally marketed cosmetics in Port Harcourt. It is recommended that NAFDAC introduce specific maximum limits and mandatory ingredient disclosure for EDCs, while manufacturers should prioritize safer alternatives. Expanded biomonitoring and broader product screening are urged to strengthen risk assessment and protect public health.