Prevention of Nosocomial Infection: The Experience of Nurses and the Barriers

Abstract

Nosocomial infections, also known as Health Care Associated infections (HAIs), pose a significant global health challenge, leading to severe complications for hospitalized patients and contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. This issue is of paramount concern for both patients and health care providers, as these infections are prevalent in both developed and developing countries. Statistics indicate that approximately 7% of hospitalized patients in developed countries and 16% in developing countries are diagnosed with HAIs. The higher prevalence in developing countries can be attributed to various factors such as inadequate infection control practices due to the absence of comprehensive infection control policies and guidelines, as well as insufficient surveillance, overcrowding, limited resources, poor sanitation, and inadequate management of hospital waste. Addressing these challenges is crucial in mitigating the impact of HAIs and improving patient outcomes in health care settings globally. Hospital-acquired infections are a significant concern during a patient's hospital stay, often leading to prolonged hospitalization, increased disability, and a substantial economic burden. Common infections include central line-associated bloodstream infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. The pathogens responsible for these nosocomial infections encompass bacteria, viruses, and fungal parasites. Patients are at risk of exposure to these pathogens from various sources within the hospital environment, including healthcare staff and other infected patients. This highlights the importance of stringent infection control measures to minimize the risk of hospital-acquired infections and ensure patient safety. Nosocomial infections, also known as hospital-acquired infections, can be effectively prevented through the implementation of infection prevention and control policies and guidelines. It is crucial to closely monitor the use of antimicrobials and address the issue of antimicrobial resistance. Adopting an antibiotic control policy is essential in this regard. Furthermore, the establishment of an efficient surveillance system at both national and international levels is imperative. Nurses, as front-line healthcare workers, along with all stakeholders in the healthcare system, must make concerted efforts to prevent and control nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients.