Assessing the Impacts of Insecticide Treated Net (INT) Distribution for Malaria Prevention in Katsina Local Government, Katsina State, Nigeria

Abstract

Malaria remains a persistent public health burden in many regions, including Nigeria. Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) have been widely implemented as a primary vector control strategy to combat this disease. This study aimed to assess the impact of ITN distribution and usage on malaria prevalence in selected areas of Katsina Local Government Area (LGA). A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving a representative sample of households. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, ITN ownership and usage, and malaria incidence, as determined by rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Frequency tables and chi-square tests were employed to analyze the association between ITN use and malaria prevalence. The results revealed a high level of ITN ownership among the study population. However, consistent usage varied across households, influenced by factors such as knowledge of malaria transmission, perceived efficacy of ITNs, and cultural practices. A significant reduction in malaria incidence was observed among households that consistently used ITNs compared to those who did not or used them inconsistently. These findings underscore the effectiveness of ITNs in malaria prevention and control. To further enhance the impact of ITN programs, it is crucial to address barriers to consistent usage, such as inadequate knowledge, misconceptions about ITNs, and limited access to replacement nets. Additionally, complementary interventions, such as indoor residual spraying and larviciding, should be integrated into comprehensive vector control strategies to maximize their effectiveness.