Knowledge, Awareness, and Information-Seeking Behaviors Regarding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome among Women in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder associated with significant reproductive and cardiometabolic morbidity. Despite its global burden, community-level awareness in Sub-Saharan Africa remains under-researched. This study assessed the knowledge, awareness, information sources, and sociodemographic correlates of PCOS among women in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in Dar-es-Salaam using a stratified multistage sampling technique. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Chi-square tests were utilized to assess associations, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Participants demonstrated moderate-to-high awareness of core symptoms, including hormonal imbalance (78.6%), multiple ovarian cysts (82.1%), irregular menstruation (75.0%), and hirsutism (71.4%). However, significant knowledge gaps persisted regarding long-term complications; only 46.4% recognized the increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and 42.9% incorrectly believed PCOS does not affect fertility. While 78.6% were aware of lifestyle modifications as a management strategy, awareness of pharmacological treatments was low (e.g., metformin, 39.3%). Over half (57.1%) had previously received PCOS information, primarily from healthcare providers, educational institutions, and social media. Notably, 53.6% had never actively sought information about PCOS. Marital status showed no significant association with knowledge or awareness (p > 0.05). Women in Dar-es-Salaam possess adequate awareness of primary PCOS symptoms but lack critical knowledge regarding metabolic risks, fertility implications, and medical management. Public health interventions must pivot from basic symptom recognition to comprehensive reproductive and metabolic health education, leveraging primary care and regulated digital platforms.